# Members and service credentials Two kinds of thing act on your apps. A person is a Keymail address with a role in the account. A credential is something a server holds — a CI runner, a job, a router — with its reach decided when it was minted and no human attached to it. They are administered in different places, and the mistakes they invite are different too. ## People Invites go out from the Team page in the console, addressed to a Keymail address. The invitation lands in that person's Keymail Apps inbox — the same sealed path a sign-in confirmation takes — so inviting somebody sends them no email. It works once and expires after seven days, and an owner can revoke a pending one before it is used. If the delivery itself fails the console hands you the link to pass on yourself; the invitation is real by then either way. There are two roles. A member does the day-to-day work on the account's apps — deploy, promote, roll back, config, domains, logs. An owner does all of that plus everything that changes who can act or ends something permanently: inviting, removing a member, handing ownership over, deleting an app or the account, and every credential in the next section. Handing over ownership is a single transaction that steps you down to member as it lifts them up, so there is no moment with two owners or none. Some of those actions ask for your passkey again even though you are already signed in — removing a member, transferring ownership, deleting the account, approving a terminal or revoking one, minting or rotating a credential. The gesture has to be within the last five minutes. A session cookie proves who you are and not that you are still at the keyboard, which is the whole question when the action is irreversible. None of this has a `carlos` verb. Membership is console work, deliberately: the passkey prompt is the point of it, and a terminal has nowhere to put one. ## Credentials a server holds ```sh carlos services create -role publish -app hello ci-runner ``` The secret prints once, right there in your terminal, and only its hash is stored. There is no page and no command that will show it to you again — a lost secret means rotating, not re-running. Get it into the app the way you get any credential in: ```sh carlos secrets set -app hello CARLOS_SERVICE_TOKEN= ``` Pick the narrowest role that does the job. `publish` is the deploy loop: claim an app, ship, promote, roll back, manage hostnames, retire. `operate` is runtime work with no release authority — restart, config, logs. `instance` is the older app-token shape, kept for what already depends on it. `admin` is the union of those plus ledgers, storage and placement. It also grants object-store access, and that mints a real IAM user — hand one out only when you mean to hand over. `-app hello` binds the credential to one app; it cannot claim new ones. Leave it off for an account-wide credential. Either way the reach is fixed at mint: if you join another account next month, the credential you minted does not follow you there. Its rate budgets are its own, separate from yours — see [Limits](/docs/limits/) — and it never expires, so revoking is the control. ## Rotate replaces, revoke stops This is the distinction to have straight before you need it. ```sh carlos services rotate ci-runner ``` Rotation mints a fresh secret and prints it once, keeping the name, the role, the scope and the history. The old secret is refused on the credential's *next* call — work already in flight is unaffected. That makes rotation a hygiene move: something you schedule. ```sh carlos services revoke ci-runner ``` Revocation is the hard stop: the credential's next call fails whatever secret it is holding. It is idempotent, so revoking a name twice, or one that never existed, answers the same way. And unlike minting and rotating, it does not ask for your passkey — one step, at whatever hour you find out. If you suspect a secret has leaked, revoke. Then mint a replacement under a new name if the work still needs doing. To see what exists: ```sh carlos services ls ``` Live credentials only — name, role, scope, when it was minted, when its current secret began, when it was last used, and who minted it. A revoked one disappears from the list entirely, so this is inventory, not history. Every verb here is owner-only, and closed to service credentials themselves: no credential can mint, rotate or revoke any credential, not even its own. A leaked one therefore cannot quietly issue itself a quieter sibling. The console's Account settings page carries the same list, the same mint form, and rotate and revoke controls per row. Each verb takes `-account` when you belong to more than one; with a single account you can leave it off. [carlos services](https://carlosframework.com/docs/cli/#carlos-services) has the rest of the flags.